- Title
- Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung
- Creator
- Fonceca, Angela M.; Zosky, Graeme R.; Bozanich, Elizabeth M.; Sutanto, Erika N.; Kicic, Anthony; McNamara, Paul S.; Knight, Darryl A.; Sly, Peter D.; Turner, Debra J.; Stick, Stephen M.
- Relation
- Respiratory Research Vol. 19, Issue 1, no. 15
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-017-0701-z
- Publisher
- Biomed Central
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2018
- Description
- Background: Accumulation mode particles (AMP) are formed from engine combustion and make up the inhalable vapour cloud of ambient particulate matter pollution. Their small size facilitates dispersal and subsequent exposure far from their original source, as well as the ability to penetrate alveolar spaces and capillary walls of the lung when inhaled. A significant immuno-stimulatory component of AMP is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of Gram negative bacteria breakdown. As LPS is implicated in the onset and exacerbation of asthma, the presence or absence of LPS in ambient particulate matter (PM) may explain the onset of asthmatic exacerbations to PM exposure. This study aimed to delineate the effects of LPS and AMP on airway inflammation, and potential contribution to airways disease by measuring airway inflammatory responses induced via activation of the LPS cellular receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). Methods: The effects of nebulized AMP, LPS and AMP administered with LPS on lung function, cellular inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine responses were compared between wildtype mice and mice not expressing TLR-4. Results: The presence of LPS administered with AMP appeared to drive elevated airway resistance and sensitivity via TLR-4. Augmented TLR4 driven eosinophilia and greater TNF-a responses observed in AMP-LPS treated mice independent of TLR-4 expression, suggests activation of allergic responses by TLR4 and non-TLR4 pathways larger than those induced by LPS administered alone. Treatment with AMP induced macrophage recruitment independent of TLR-4 expression. Conclusions: These findings suggest AMP-LPS as a stronger stimulus for allergic inflammation in the airways then LPS alone.
- Subject
- asthma; TLR-4; PM; LPS; AMP; COPD
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1402012
- Identifier
- uon:34994
- Identifier
- ISSN:1465-9921
- Rights
- © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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